Cuboidal. All children with suspected childhood glaucoma should be examined under anaesthesia. Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases, in which optic nerve damage is the common pathology that leads to vision loss. CLUSTER OF 3 OR MORE NON-EDGE POINTS (in a typical location for glaucoma), ALL OF WHICH ARE IDENTIFIED AS SIGNIFICANT, WITH AT LEAST ONE AT THE p<1% ON TWO CONSECUTIVE TESTS • (ON 24-2, USE ALL POINTS)-OR-Minimum Criteria for Diagnosis of Glaucoma VF Defect (HODAPP, ET AL, 1993) 3. GLAUCOMA CLASSIFICATION, MEDICAL TREATMENT AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT. Surgical treatment is always necessary1, 2 [I,C]. PDF Glaucoma — Differential diagnosis and management Juvenile glaucoma ppt Glaucoma - SlideShar . Avg rating:3.0/5.0. Secondary Glaucoma | Clinical Gate The definition of normal-tension glaucoma Uveitis: Classification, Etiologies and Clinical Signs Glaucoma is a group of conditions that affect the eyes. ent Findings The diagnoses of the classification system include glaucoma and glaucoma suspect. classification of mental disorders.doc-PPT.pptx - Concept ... Uveitis is one of the vision threatening ocular disorders responsible for 10% of legal blindness. Diffusion and filtrationSecretion in serous membranes. <abstract> Glaucoma is a chronic ocular degenerative disease that can cause blindness if left untreated in its early stages. 1.1.1 . Fibrous metaplasia of fibres may occur in complicated cataract) Epithelial cell necrosis leads to focal opacification of the lens epithelium as Glaucomflecken in acute angle closure glaucoma. Globe rupture. Sulfonamides are medications used to treat many different disorders. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy can make a huge difference in the visual outcome and can prevent lifelong disability. This document is highly rated by MBBS students and has been viewed 398 times. The secondary glaucomas include: glaucoma following cataract surgery, glaucoma associated with nonacquired systemic disease or syndrome, glaucoma associated with nonacquired ocular anomalies, and glaucoma . Angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is a group of diseases in which there is reversible (appositional) or adhesional (synechial) closure of the anterior-chamber angle. Glaucoma - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Normal Tension Glaucoma 3. Any eye that has a primary anatomic narrow anterior-chamber angle and evidence such as peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS), elevated IOP, sector iris atrophy, or glaukomflecken lens opacities, when trabecular obstruction by the peripheral iris has occurred is classified as having PAC. Here a classification method for ground-based visible images is proposed based on a transfer convolutional neural network (TCNN). Glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy are the most common eye diseases and the leading cause of blindness around the world. Glaucoma can develop in one or both eyes. 14 CLASSIFICATION Primary angle closure diseaseStykęirido-bebecular is the last common route of angular closure disease, hindering the outflow of that 1. Figure 3.17c Classification and functions of epithelia. Number of Views: 2026. . Hypertensive retinopathy refers to retinal microvascular signs that develop in response to raised blood pressure. In the acute form, the IOP rises rapidly as a result of relatively sudden blockage of the trabecular meshwork ™ by the iris . iridotomy or iridectomy) and the possible late complications (synechial closure of the chamber angle) or the complications resulting when this type of glaucoma undergoes filtering surgery (uveal effusion, cilio-lenticular block leading to malignant glaucoma)121,122. Li et al. These conditions form a small proportion of all glaucoma but they frequently produce the most difficult problems in diagnosis and management. Diabetic Eye Disease is preventable through strict Glaucoma occurs in absence of a raised mean IOP on diurnal testing. Glaucoma Definition. Mainstay of management of childhood glaucoma is surgery. This approach combines the ability of deep learning (DL) and transfer learning (TL). Floater. Image, graphics and In this paper the different In this paper the different from color fundus images signal processing techniques techniques are discussed for signal processing, 2012, are discussed for detection glaucoma detection and 9, 44-51 published online and classification of classification. Elderly and females are usually . trained a CNN for glaucoma classification using a data set of 48116 images, reporting AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 0.986, 95.6% and 92%, respectively. 1 Buphthalmos was subdivided into simple buphthalmos due to a primary mechanism, now known as primary congenital glaucoma, and buphthalmos associated with other developmental anomalies. Mariana C. Ikeda, Koiti U. Hamada and 6 more December 31, 2021 The Baerveldt 101-350 has a 350 mm 2 surface area and is larger than the 103-250 that has a 250 mm 2 plate surface area. rheumatology unit dept of medicine. Glaucoma is a medical term describing a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and retinal nerve fibre layer and resulting in changes in the optic nerve head. They were reviewed to determine criteria used to define NTG, including optic nerve assessment and intraocular pressure (IOP) requirements. PowerPoint Slide Presentation Author: NEI Subject: Vision & Aging Toolkit Keywords: Vision & Aging Created Date: 10/1/2010 1:05:30 AM . The classification of early glaucoma and advanced glaucoma was determined by agreement of two specialists. Glaucoma / Ocular hypertension / Primary juvenile glaucoma. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma 2. Unlike open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma is a result of the angle between the iris and cornea closing. Techniques of Glaucoma detection I.J. The conditions are all characterized by a cupping of the optic disc or a thinning of the nerve fiber layer. 2009 - 2010 Suhas Kulkarni 57. Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the optic nerve and result . The one major risk factor for glaucoma that is treatable is IOP. FOR more than 50 yr, anesthesiologists have used the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-Physical Status Classification System to stratify a patient's preoperative comorbid conditions. When the cornea and the tip are flat, the pressure pushing forward on the tip is equal to the IOP. The anterior chamber angle between the iris and cornea: being either open or closed. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 2. adj., adj glauco´matous. View classification of mental disorders.doc-PPT.pptx from PSYCHOLOGY 201 at Amity University. In this lesson you will learn more about the definition, classification, and some examples of sulfonamides. Glaucoma refers to a group of eye diseases with common features that . Recent research shows that genetics may play a role in exfoliation glaucoma. With the aging population it is expected that the prevalence of glaucoma will continue to increase. ADVERTISEMENTS: After reading this article we will learn about the classification of cholinergic drugs. The menace of glaucoma can be harnessed with the proposed versatile CAD system which outperforms its contemporary automated models in many ways. Cause: primary (no known cause) or secondary with a known underlying cause. Figure 3.17b Classification and functions of epithelia. prevalence anD siGnificance Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual disability in Western countries, along with macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and cataract. Normal IOP is 19 - 21 inches of mercury. ividuals classified as glaucoma suspects caused by one or more of the following risk factors or indicators of disease: ocular hypertension, optic nerve features suggestive of glaucoma, visual field abnormalities, and other characteristics placing them at greater risk than the average population. [1] On the basis of the anatomy of the anterior chamber drainage angle and age of onset, primary glaucoma is classified as primary . The modern classification of childhood glaucoma began with the term buphthalmos, or ox-eyed, which was used to describe the secondary effect of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on the elastic infantile eye. SSS1 - K19 - Glaukoma-1 - View presentation slides online. involved (e.g. pharmacological classification of drugs first edition 732 tariq ahmad | tareeqahmad@hotmail.com department of pharmacy, university of lahore 14 • nicardipine • nifedipine (adalat) • nisoldipine 4) α-adreno receptor blockers • doxazosin (doxcil) • prazosin (minipres) • terazosin (hytrin) 5) •centrally acting adrenergic drugs One study of elderly Australians . congenital glaucoma: [ glaw-, glou-ko´mah ] a group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure, resulting in pathological changes in the optic disk and typical visual field defects, and eventually blindness if it is not treated successfully. Methods: All articles about NTG published between 1973 and 1997 from three clinical journals of ophthalmology were identified by a literature search. The most common types of glaucoma are open angle and closed angle forms. It affects women more often than men, is commoner in long-sighted people and people of East Asian ancestry, and . Impairment: Any temporary or permanent loss or Methods This study enrolled 113 eyes of 113 OAG patients (mean age: 62.5 ± 12.6; Humphrey field analyzer-measured mean . Nov 16, 2021 - Introduction to Glaucoma - PowerPoint Presentation, Medical MBBS Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of MBBS. Glaucoma is the leading cause of world blindness after cataracts. Glaucoma strikes more than 2 per cent of all those . Glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by progressive optic neuropathy. Prevalence varies Among eye diseases, glaucoma is considered as the second leading case that can result in neurodegeneration illness. It is a non-purulent endogenous or exogenous inflammation of the uveal tract primarily but contiguous structures such as vitreous, optic nerve, cornea and sclera may sometimes be involved. Classification: ADVERTISEMENTS: On the basis of mechanism of action. The pneumotonometer is an applanation tonometer with some aspects of indentation tonometry. Presentation subjects includes - Pharma Analysis , Pharma Chemistry , Pharmaceutics , Pharmacology ,Regulatory Affairs ,Pharma Practice ,Pharmacognosy ,Bio Technology. The scheme also makes provision for diagnosing glaucoma in eyes with severe visual loss where formal field testing is impractical, and for blind eyes in which the optic disc cannot be . PHarmacy ( Pharm D , B - Pharm ,M-Pharm , D Pharm) Lecture Notes. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. Glaucoma is the leading cause of world blindness after cataracts. . Cases are diagnosed on the grounds of both structural and functional evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. However the classification of the glaucomas based on initial events and classification based on mechanisms of outflow obstruction are commonly used. glaucoma is primary open-angle, other distinct types include, acute angle-closure, secondary and congenital.6 Patients with open-angle glaucoma initially experience peripheral visual field loss, followed by central field loss, which may progress to irreversible blindness. Red eye. The abnormalities in a human eye are detected through fundus images captured through a fundus camera. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (Deep CNNs) and its variants have provided superior performance in glaucoma classification, segmentation, and detection. The primary glaucomas include: primary congenital glaucoma and juvenile open-angle glaucoma. Signs of hypertensive retinopathy are frequently seen in adults 40 years and older, and are predictive of incident stroke, congestive hear … Glaucoma. 2. Visual rehabilitation and counseling of the parents of the child is CLASSIFICATION OF GLAUCOMA Pathogenesis of PACG Mechanisms of primary angle closure Angle-closure is defined on the basis of findings at Gonioscopy It is always important to exclude secondary causes of angle-closure Pupillary block mechanism Plateau-iris mechanism Lens mechanism Creeping-angle closure mechanism Posterior aqueous misdirection . Phacomorphic glaucoma and lens dislocation involve an angle-closure mechanism while the other forms are secondary open angle glaucomas. Earlier Detection of Glaucoma Progression Using High-Density 3-Dimensional Spectral-Domain OCT Optic Nerve Volume Scans. Post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma - PowerPoint PPT presentation. Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Non-Proliferative (NPDR) Mild Moderate Severe . There may be presence of optic nerve damage and an open angle between the iris and the cornea. Glaucoma is an eye disease in which pressure in the eye, called intraocular pressure, builds up and damages the optic nerve.The increase . <abstract> Content-based image analysis and computer vision techniques are used in various health-care systems to detect the diseases. glaucoma caused by diseases of the lens), and etiology. In this paper, we propose a two-staged glaucoma classification scheme based on Deep CNN architectures. GLAUCOMA.ppt from SBFS 1103 at Open University Malaysia. Squamous. In eyes with early and moderate glaucoma, assessment of glaucoma progression usually is performed by monitoring changes in the VF, optic nerve head, RNFL, and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL). Glaucoma VF Defect (HODAPP, ET AL, 1993) 2. For the classification of glaucoma images from normal images even with the presence of early glaucoma images, the entire set of 1,542 images were split into 754 training, 324 validation, and 464 test datasets (images) ( Table 1 ). The increased pressure causes compresssion of the retina and the optic nerve, and causes progressive , PERMANENT loss of eyesight if left untreated. Glaucoma detection and its classification using image processing and f uzzy classification Proceedings of the 4 th World Conference on Applied Scienc es, Engineering and Technology Purpose To objectively classify the optic discs of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients into Nicolela's four disc types, i.e., focal ischemic (FI), myopic (MY), senile sclerotic (SS), and generalized enlargement (GE), with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by: Glaucoma In general, Glaucoma occurs as a result of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) caused by a malformation or malfunction of the eyes drainage system. These are listed in Table 20.1 and include phacolytic glaucoma, phacomorphic glaucoma, phacoanaphylaxis, and lens particle glaucoma. Classification Of Glaucoma yRisk of havinggg glaucoma was 9.2 fold in individual with family history of glaucoma yMultifactorial y3% ascribed to single gene abnormality yIndividual with Juvenile glaucoma more likely to have gene defect Diabetes and OAG yAssociation is unclear yBias as diabetics . Protection. It is a non-purulent endogenous or exogenous inflammation of the uveal tract primarily but contiguous structures such as vitreous, optic nerve, cornea and sclera may sometimes be involved. The most common types of glaucoma are open angle and closed angle forms. Although each of these systems has value, the classification scheme that separates angle closure from open angle glaucoma has been used most widely, because it focuses on pathophysiology and points to proper clinical management. The result is a visual field defect and loss of peripheral vision that can be measured by surgeons at Texas Eye and Cataract. Kitiya Ratanawongphaibul, Edem Tsikata and 11 more Open Access December 31, 2021. In addition to diagnostic considerations, this overview provides information on therapeutic . Worldwide, open angle and closed angle glaucoma The classification of angle closure glaucoma is based upon the presence or absence of pupillary block and whether the angle closure mechanism is primary or secondary (Table 1). In secondary glaucoma, the mechanism is not uniform, but depends on the subtype and disease stage. CLUSTER OF 3 OR MORE NON-EDGE POINTS (in a typical location for glaucoma), ALL OF WHICH ARE IDENTIFIED AS SIGNIFICANT, WITH AT LEAST ONE AT THE p<1% ON TWO CONSECUTIVE TESTS • (ON 24-2, USE ALL POINTS)-OR-Minimum Criteria for Diagnosis of Glaucoma VF Defect (HODAPP, ET AL, 1993) 3. The prime objective of this study is to devise and develop an experimental computer-aided diagnosis system to provide an efficient way for assisting the ophthalmologist in early detection of ocular diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Other terms have been used previously to describe this entity, including trabeculodysgenesis, goniodysgenesis and primary infantile . Glaucoma Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis. A sample database containing all ten cloud types was used; this database was expanded four-fold using enhancement processing. Congenital glaucoma is the common term PPT. Purpose To objectively classify the optic discs of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients into Nicolela's four disc types, i.e., focal ischemic (FI), myopic (MY), senile sclerotic (SS), and generalized enlargement (GE), with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Glaucoma Regardless of the intraocular pressure, it is defined by characteristic optic neuropathy consistent with: Excavation and undermining of the neural and connective tissue elements of optic disc Eventual development of characteristic visual field defects. This document is highly rated by NEET students and has been viewed 808 times. ### 2.1 - Primary Congenital Forms/Childhood Glaucomas Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare disease but has a major impact on the child's development and quality of life over his/her whole life span. Phthisis bulbi. Childhood glaucoma refers to the presence of glaucoma in a child. Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG) Also called low-tension or normal-pressure glaucoma. The angle closure may occur in an acute or chronic form. Interventions to Improve Reading Performance in Glaucoma. 1. These are the drugs which produce Ach-like actions, either directly by interact­ing with the cholinergic receptors or indirectly by increasing availability of Ach at these sites. 1,2 Originally created as a tool to collect statistical data related to anesthesia care, 3 its use in the current day has expanded outside its original scope 4 and is currently used worldwide not only . With pupillary block, the normal flow of aqueous through the pupil from the posterior chamber to the anterior Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) is rarer in this country than Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, and in its acute form differs in that the drainage route for the fluid inside the eye is closed off, rather than gradually blocked. Rate of onset: acute, subacute, or chronic. Primary angle closure glaucoma ppt . View 15. One of the most fundamental aspects of glaucoma is The cornea is indented by the silicone tip. Columnar (b) Classification based on cell shape. may include elevated eye pressure, damage to the optic nerve, and potential vision loss. PSD FLAGGED AT p . iridotomy or iridectomy) and the possible late complications (synechial closure of the chamber angle) or the complications resulting when this type of glaucoma undergoes filtering surgery (uveal effusion, cilio-lenticular block leading to malignant glaucoma)121,122. Dec 03, 2021 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA - PowerPoint Presentation, Medical NEET Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of NEET. glaucoma is the initial therapeutic approach (i.e. Methods This study enrolled 113 eyes of 113 OAG patients (mean age: 62.5 ± 12.6; Humphrey field analyzer-measured mean . There are many types of glaucoma. classification of secondary glaucoma Secondary glaucomas occur when the intraocular pressure (IOP) is raised as a result of another ocular condition or its treatment. Adrenaline (adrenaline), ephedrine, phenylphrine. Slide 4-. While the efforts to reach a labelled data set of this size are to be commended, one could question whether the same performance can be reached in a more cost-effective manner . Glaucoma VF Defect (HODAPP, ET AL, 1993) 2. 1. Concept of Impairment, disability and handicap. 24 October 2013 Abnormal products of metabolism, drugs or metals can be deposited in storage diseases ( Fabry ), Lens-related glaucoma arises from a variety of pathophysiologic mechanisms. There have been multiple schemes proposed for the classification for glaucoma. glaucoma is the initial therapeutic approach (i.e. Keratomycosis. Organ Selectivity: ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) Ach Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases, in which optic nerve damage is the common pathology that leads to vision loss. Pigmentary glaucoma 3. Detecting glaucoma progression can be challenging across the glaucoma severity spectrum, particularly in eyes with advanced disease. The glaucoma is typically classified is as open angle or closed angle and as primary or secondary. Childhood glaucoma is the most common cause of buphthalmos. Existing methods mostly rely of CDR and few have used features along with classification for diagnosis of glaucoma. Etiologic Classification of Dry Eye Evaporative (cont) Glaucoma Drugs Cross-sectional study 109 patients , 79 on topical preserved glaucoma medication Results: Drug group Shorter TBUT (p<0.03) Greater fluorescein staining (p<0.001) Higher impression cytology OSD score (p<0.001) More drops caused worse FL staining & shorter TBUT There are 3 types of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implants: The Baerveldt 101-350, the Baerveldt 103-250, and the 102-350 designed for pars plana insertion. 12/9/2009… Primary open-angle glaucoma is the . Exfoliation glaucoma (sometimes called pseudoexfoliation) is a type of open-angle glaucoma that happens in some people with exfoliation syndrome, a condition that causes extra material to deposit on parts of the eye and block fluid from draining. Primary Angle Closure and Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma. It consists of a 5mm diameter, slightly convex, silicone tip on the end of a piston that rides on a stream of air. Ocular Hypertension 4. Inflammatory glaucomas 5. Worldwide, open angle and closed angle glaucoma classification & clinical features of leprosy classification & clinical features of leprosy by dr umar,f.a. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can preserve vision. Hypertension has a range of effects on the eye. diagnosis of chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG) and related conditions, and are separate from a sight test. Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Purpose: To evaluate the consistency of the definition of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Glaucoma can be classified according to: Age of onset: congenital, infantile, juvenile, or adult. Glaucoma — Differential diagnosis and management Description, symptoms, classification anD siGns See Glaucoma classification. In normal-tension glaucoma the optic nerve is damaged even though the eye pressure is not very high. Phacolytic glaucoma 6. PSD FLAGGED AT p . The Baerveldt 101-350 is a popular model, and the drainage implant . Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare disease due to genetically-determined abnormalities in the trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle resulting in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), without other ocular or systemic developmental anomalies. These methods suffer from low sensitivity due to presence of noise and other changes. New Classification Suspected of Closing Primary Angle/PACS Primary Angle Closure/PAC Angular Closing . This review describes a scheme for diagnosis of glaucoma in population based prevalence surveys. Classification, Background information, Glaucoma, CKS. Neovascular glaucoma 4. CONCLUSIONS . Case Study: Glaucoma Progressive neuropathy of the optic nerve Disease characteristics Symptom free Elevated intraocular pressure Structural loss of retinal ganglion cells Gradual restriction of the visual field from periphery to center Clinical Management of Glaucoma Monitoring Intraocular pressure Static threshold visual field sensitivity . Uveitis is one of the vision threatening ocular disorders responsible for 10% of legal blindness. Persistent fetal vasculature / Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. GLAUCOMA Second commonest cause of blindness. abuth-zaria. CLASSIFICATION OF GLAUCOMA In establishing treatment for glaucoma, classification according to the mechanism of intraocular pressure elevation is useful. Links collected from the website of : Hindu College Of Pharmacy . Slide 5-. 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